Treponemataceae

Family of bacteria

Treponemataceae

Histopathology of Treponema pallidum spirochetes using a modified Steiner silver stain
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Spirochaetota
Class:	Spirochaetia
Order:	Spirochaetales
Family:	Treponemataceae Robinson 1948^[1] (Approved Lists 1980)^[2]
Genera
"Ca. Avitreponema" Brucepastera "Ca. Gallitreponema" Rectinema^[3] Teretinema Treponema
Synonyms
Treponemidae Castellani & Chalmers 1919

The Treponemataceae are a family of spirochete bacteria.^[4] The clade includes a number of significant pathogens, such as Treponema pallidum, the cause of human syphilis.^[5]^[6]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[7]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023^[8]^[9]^[10]

120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214^[11]^[12]^[13]

Rectinemataceae

Rectinema Koelschbach et al. 2017

Treponemataceae

	Gracilinema Brune et al. 2022

	Zuelzera Brune et al. 2022

Breznakiella Song et al. 2022

Helmutkoenigia Brune et al. 2022

	Leadbettera Brune et al. 2022

	Treponema primitia

	Brucepastera Song et al. 2023

	Teretinema Song et al. 2023

Treponema Schaudinn 1905

Treponema species-group 2

"Treponematales"

Rectinemataceae	Rectinema

Breznakiellaceae

Gracilinema

Breznakiella

	Leadbettera

	Treponema primitia

Treponemataceae

"Ca. Gallitreponema" Gilroy et al. 2021

Treponema species-group 2

	"Ca. Avitreponema" Gilroy et al. 2021

	Brucepastera

Treponema

References

^ Robinson GH. (1948). "Family II. Treponemataceae Schaudinn". In Breed RS, Murray EGD, Hitchens AP. (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (6th ed.). Baltimore, MD: The Williams and Wilkins Co. pp. 1051–1058.
^ Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. (1980). "Approved lists of bacterial names". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 30: 225–420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.
^ Koelschbach, Janina S.; Mouttaki, Housna; Pickl, Carolin; Heipieper, Hermann J.; Rachel, Reinhard; Lawson, Paul A.; Meckenstock, Rainer U. (2017). "Rectinema cohabitans gen. nov., sp. nov., a rod-shaped spirochaete isolated from an anaerobic naphthalene-degrading enrichment culture". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (5): 1288–1295. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001799. PMID 28100313.
^ ^a ^b Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Treponemataceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 23, 2021.
^ "Medical Definition of TREPONEMATACEAE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
^ "Treponema - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
^ Sayers; et al. "Treponemataceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Prokaryotes: Bacteria classification

Domain

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

(major groups

Excavata

Diaphoretickes

Hacrobia

Rhizaria

Alveolata

Stramenopiles

Plants

Amorphea

Amoebozoa

Opisthokonta

Animals

Fungi)

Terrabacteria
BV1, BV3, BV5

others	Actinomycetota Acidimicrobiia Actinomycetia "Aquicultoria" Coriobacteriia "Geothermincolia" "Humimicrobiia" Rubrobacteria Thermoleophilia "Bipolaricaulota" "Bipolaricaulia" Chloroflexota "Caldilineia" Chloroflexia Dehalococcoidia Ktedonobacteria "Limnocylindria" Deinococcota "Deinococcia" "Dormiibacterota" "Dormibacteria" Armatimonadota "Abditibacteriia" Armatimonadia Chthonomonadia Fimbriimonadia "Heboniibacteriia" "Zipacnadia" "Eremiobacterota" "Eudoremicrobiia" "Xenobiia" "Eremiobacteria"
Cyanoprokaryota	Cyanobacteriota Cyanobacteria "Sericytochromatia" "Vampirovibrionophyceae" "Margulisiibacteriota" "Marinamargulisbacteria" "Riflemargulisbacteria" "Saganbacteria" "Termititenacia"
Firmicutes BV3 Low GC	Bacillota "Bacillia" Bacillota A "Clostridiia" "Thermoanaerobacteria" "Thermosediminibacteria" Bacillota D "Dethiobacteria" "Natranaerobiia" "Proteinivoracia" Bacillota E "Sulfobacillia" "Symbiobacteriia" "Thermaerobacteria" Bacillota G "Hydrogenisporia" Limnochordia "Desulfotomaculota" "Carboxydocellia" "Carboxydothermia" "Dehalobacteriia" "Desulfitobacteriia" "Desulfotomaculia" "Moorellia" "Peptococcia" "Syntrophomonadia" "Thermincolia" "Halanaerobiaeota" "Halanaerobiia" "Selenobacteria" "Selenomonadia"

CPR group

"Elulota"
- "Elulimicrobia"
"Patescibacteria"
- ABY1
- "Absconditabacteria"
- "Andersenbacteria"
- "Berkelbacteria"
- "Dojkabacteria"
- "Doudnabacteria"
- "Gracilibacteria"
- "Howlettbacteria"
- "Katanobacteria"
- "Kazanbacteria"
- "Microgenomatia"
- "Paceibacteria"
- "Saccharimonadia"
- "Torokbacteria"
- "Wirthbacteria"

Thermotogida

Synergistetes	Atribacterota Atribacteria Synergistota Synergistia
Thermocalda	Caldisericota Caldisericia Coprothermobacterota Coprothermobacteria Dictyoglomerota Dictyoglomeria "Lithacetigenota" "Lithacetigenia" "Thermodesulfobiota" "Thermodesulfobiia" Thermotogota "Thermotogia"

Fusobacterida

Fusobacteriota
- Fusobacteriia
"Macinerneyibacteriota"
- "Macinerneyibacteriia"
"Muiribacteriota"
- "Muiribacteriia"
"Rifleibacteriota"
- "Ozemibacteria"
"Walliibacteriota"

Hydrobacteria
BV2, BV4

Clade 1

"Aerophobota"
- "Aerophobia"
"Auribacterota"
- "Ancaeobacteria"
- "Auribacteria"
- "Erginobacteria"
- "Tritonobacteria"
"Desantisiibacteriota"
Elusimicrobiota
- Elusimicrobiia
- Endomicrobiia
"Firestoneibacteriota"
"Goldiibacteriota"
"Omnitrophota"
- "Omnitrophia"
- "Velamenicoccia"
"Ratteibacteriota"

Clade 2

"Abyssubacteria"
"Hinthialibacterota"
- "Hinthialibacteria"
"Hydrogenedentota"
- "Hydrogenedentia"
"Poribacteriota"
"Saltatorellota"
- "Saltatorellae"
"Sumerlaeota"
- "Sumerlaeia"

Spirochaeto
bacteriobiontes

"Babelota"
- "Babeliae"
"Lindowiibacteriota"
Spirochaetota
- "Brevinematia"
- "Brachyspirae"
- "Exilispiria"
- "Leptospiria"
- "Spirochaetia"

PVC group
(Planctobacteria)

Chlamydiota
- Chlamydiia
Planctomycetota
- "Brocadiia"
- Phycisphaeria
- Planctomycetia
- "Uabimicrobiia"
Verrucomicrobiota
- Kiritimatiellia
- Lentisphaeria
- Verrucomicrobiia

FCB group
(Sphingobacteria)

Bacteroidota
- Bacteroidia
- Chlorobiia
- "Ignavibacteriia"
- "Kapabacteria"
- "Kryptoniia"
- Rhodothermia
Calditrichota
- Calditrichia
"Cloacimonadota"
- "Cloacimonadia"
"Coatesiibacteriota"
"Cosmopoliota"
- "Cosmopolitia"
"Delongiibacteriota"
"Edwardsiibacteriota"
"Eiseniibacteriota"
"Electryoneota"
- "Electryoneia"
- "Tariuqbacteria"
"Fermentibacterota"
- "Fermentibacteria"
Fibrobacterota
- Chitinivibrionia
- Fibrobacteria
- "Raymondbacteriia"
Gemmatimonadota
- Gemmatimonadia
- "Glassbacteria"
"Heilongiota"
- "Heilongiia"
"Hydrothermota"
- "Hydrothermia"
- "Stahlbacteria"
"Krumholzibacteriota"
- "Krumholzibacteriia"
"Latescibacterota"
- "Handelsmanbacteria"
- "Latescibacteria"
"Neomarinimicrobiota"
"Marinisomatota"
- "Marinisomatia"
"Tianyaibacteriota"
"Zixiibacteriota"

Proteobacteria
BV2

Aquificida	"Acidulodesulfobacteriota" "Acidulodesulfobacteriia" Aquificota Aquificia "Desulfurobacteriia" Campylobacterota "Campylobacteria" Desulfurellia "Calescibacteriota" "Calescibacteriia" Chrysiogenota Chrysiogenia "Dadaibacteriota" "Dadabacteria" Deferribacterota "Deferribacteria" Desulfobacterota G Syntrophorhabdia "Thermosulfidibacterota" "Thermosulfidibacteria"
Deltaproteobacteria	Bdellovibrionota Bacteriovoracia Bdellovibrionia Oligoflexia "Binatota" "Binatia" "Deferrimicrobiota" "Anaeroferrophilia" "Deferrimicrobiia" "Deferrisomatota" Deferrisomatia "Desulfuromonadota" Desulfuromonadia "Lernaellota" "Lernaellia" "Methylomirabilota" "Methylomirabilia" "Moduliflexota" "Moduliflexia" Myxococcota Myxococcia "Bradymonadia" Polyangiia Nitrospinota Nitrospinia Nitrospirota Nitrospiria "Thermodesulfovibrionia" SAR324 "Lambdaproteobacteria" "Schekmaniibacteriota" "Tectimicrobiota" "Entotheonellia" "Thermodesulfobacteriota"
others	Acidobacteriota "Acidobacteriia" "Aminicenantia" Blastocatellia "Fischerbacteria" "Guanabaribacteriia" "Holophagia" "Polarisedimenticolia" Thermoanaerobaculia Vicinamibacteria "Canglongiota" "Canglongiia" "Leptospirillaeota" "Leptospirillia" Pseudomonadota "Caulobacteria" "Mariprofundia" "Magnetococcia" "Pseudomonadia"

others

"Qinglongiota"
- "Qinglongiia"
"Salinosulfoleibacteria"
"Teskebacteria"

Source: Bergey's Manual (2001–2012)
Alternative views: Wikispecies

Bacterial diseases due to gram negative non-proteobacteria (BV4)

Spirochaetota

Spirochaetaceae

Treponema	Treponema pallidum Syphilis/bejel Yaws Treponema carateum (Pinta) Treponema denticola
Borrelia	Borrelia burgdorferi/Borrelia afzelii Lyme disease Erythema migrans Neuroborreliosis Borrelia recurrentis (Louse borne relapsing fever) Borrelia hermsii/Borrelia duttoni/Borrelia parkeri (Tick borne relapsing fever)